Learning motion patterns of people for compliant motion.

M. Bennewitz, W. Burgard, G. Cielniak, and S. Thrun.

Whenever people move through their environments they do not move randomly. Instead, they usually follow specific trajectories or motion patterns corresponding to their intentions. Knowledge about such patterns enables a mobile robot to robustly keep track of persons in its environment and to improve its behavior. This paper proposes a technique for learning collections of trajectories that characterize typical motion patterns of persons. Data recorded with laser-range finders is clustered using the expectation maximization algorithm. Based on the result of the clustering process we derive a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that is applied to estimate the current and future positions of persons based on sensory input. We also describe how to incorporate the probabilistic belief about the potential trajectories of persons into the path planning process. We present several experiments carried out in different environments with a mobile robot equipped with a laser range scanner and a camera system. The results demonstrate that our approach can reliably learn motion patterns of persons, can robustly estimate and predict positions of persons, and can be used to improve the navigation behavior of a mobile robot.

The full paper is available in PDF and gzipped Postscript

@ARTICLE{Bennewitz04a,
  AUTHOR        = {M. Bennewitz and W. Burgard and G. Cielniak and S. Thrun},
  TITLE         = {Learning Motion Patterns of People for Compliant Motion},
  JOURNAL       = {International Journal of Robotics Research},
  YEAR          = {2004},
  NOTE          = {Forthcoming},
}